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Your cells, which are part of your tissues and organs, experience aging as a reduction in their ability to function over time. The rate of this reduction can be influenced by factors DNA Test such as genetics and lifestyle habits and ultimately determine your biological age. Measuring chronological age can lead to a false diagnosis of your current health condition.

The Yale study is the first to establish that biomarkers of biological aging are “highly predictive of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease,” for example. With these findings, interventions such as lifestyle changes can be introduced long before the disease actually develops. To identify the factors that control biological aging, multiple studies have compared individuals to the early and late onset of aging symptoms. Findings in castrated men and postmenopausal women have provided insight into the role of sex hormones in the aging process. Similarly, studies of identical twins have made it possible to study the contribution of non-modifiable genetic traits to longevity and disease separately from the influence of environmental and lifestyle factors.

This increase in risk was statistically significant, meaning it was likely due to the difference in biological and chronological age rather than just chance. Both the accessibility and usability of the internet have not only enabled faster advances in sports science, but have also made information more readily available and led to greater understanding among movement professionals. Understanding the difference and importance of chronological, biological, and technical training age is necessary for providing strength and conditioning, especially when it is the coach’s responsibility to maximize the physical potential of each athlete. The most reliable way to measure biological age is through something called a “biomarker.” A biomarker, short for “biomarker”, is an objective measure that indicates the health of a cell or organism.

Dr. Sinclair’s lab recently restored the vision of older blind mice by inserting genes encoding “reprogramming factors,” which regulate gene expression, in simple terms, making retinal cells younger and healthier. In another well-known experiment, he and his team had rejuvenated the muscle tissue of mice equivalent to 60-year-old humans to resemble 20-year-old human equivalents after a week of injections of the NMN molecule. Sinclair, who has approved AgeMeter®, often talks about how she shaved a decade of her life, using a combination of supplements and exercise. Women have a higher life expectancy than men and a large majority of centenarians are women. Consequently, women have longer telomeres, lower DNAmAges and lower CACS than men of the same age. This sex-dependent effect can be partly attributed to the vasculoprotective role of estrogen.

Many other biological estimators of age were developed by combining physical, physiological and biochemical parameters; for example, the biological age index of the Klemera-Doubal method is based on 10 biomarkers. However, as composite predictors of biological age become more complex, they often become impractical and expensive and therefore more difficult to apply to the entire population. Another feature of aging is chronic low-grade inflammation, which can be assessed by measuring circulating levels of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as increased C-reactive protein and interleukin 6. Inflammation, a risk factor for many chronic diseases, including CVD, is caused in part by increased intestinal permeability and altered composition of the microbiota. Intestinal dysbiosis also has the potential to become an estimator of biological age, as it has been linked to longevity and disease.

The cumulative rate of aging is your biological age relative to your chronological age, a measure of the rate at which your body has aged for each year you’ve been alive. Their biological age reflects a combination of their genetics, accumulated lifestyle factors, and other determinants such as demographics, diet, and exercise habits. Chronological age is the amount of time that has elapsed from birth to a given date and is the primary way to define age. Also known as physiological or functional age, biological age differs from chronological age and takes into account not only elapsed time, but also a number of different biological and physiological developmental factors, such as genetics, lifestyle, nutrition and comorbidities. Studies of factors and diseases that accelerate and slow down biological aging have identified multiple mechanisms that control this process. This section summarizes the main behavioral and pharmacological interventions that focus on these processes with the potential to promote vascular health and longevity.

Studies in experimental and human models have identified 9 distinctive highly interconnected processes that stimulate mammalian aging. However, strategies to extend health duration and life expectancy require an understanding of interindividual differences in age-related functional impairments, known as biological aging. This review summarizes current knowledge about biological biomarkers of age, factors that influence biological aging, and anti-aging interventions, with a focus on the vascular aspects of the aging process and its manifestations related to cardiovascular disease. Biomarkers that truly reflect the state of vascular aging are needed to improve the early detection of individuals at high risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Biomarkers of ideal biological age should outperform chronological age as determinants of morbidity and mortality. In addition, its quantification should be simple and safe, preferably in a blood test or using a non-invasive imaging technique.

It is also a complex molecular process driven by many different molecular pathways and biochemical events that are influenced by environmental and genetic factors. There is now more recent research showing that the rate of aging may differ between individuals, or biological age may differ from chronological age. Strategies focused on inflammation are emerging as potential therapies to combat vascular aging. Blocking tumor necrosis factor α decreased arterial stiffness and carotid IMT in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and inhibition of interleukin-1β reduced the risk of recurrent CVD events in individuals with previous myocardial infarction and increased C-reactive protein. However, the use of anti-inflammatory therapies in healthy subjects is limited by the increased risk of fatal infections. Age estimation based on 1 of the biomarkers listed above often does not reflect the complexity of aging and can provide suboptimal assessments of biological age.

However, the use of rapamycin to promote healthy vascular aging is limited by adverse side effects, such as hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. Ongoing research is testing several rapalogs in the search for a safer alternative, and some beneficial effects have been reported, including improved immune function and reduced infections in the elderly. Their tissues, organs and blood reflect their “phenotypic age”, often referred to as their biological age, with little regard for their chronological age.